Disclaimer: In this blogpost we have utilised identify-first language in line with current preferences in the Autistic community. However, we acknowledge that everyone is on their own journey, and they have the right to choose if they prefer person-first language.
Masking is when individuals, especially those on the autism spectrum, consciously or unconsciously hide their autistic traits in social settings, often blending in with neurotypical behaviours. This may involve mirroring neurotypical behaviours, such as making eye contact, mimicking speech patterns, or suppressing stimming behaviours (repetitive movements or sounds). It may also include suppressing and ignoring emotional needs such as taking a break, as to avoid looking different. These may be conscious or unconscious. However, the goal is often to conform to neurotypical social expectations and ‘fit in’ with peers.
For autistic children, masking can be both a coping mechanism and a survival strategy. They may feel pressure to conform to social norms or fear rejection and judgment if their autistic traits are perceived as different or unusual.
What are the impacts of masking?
Masking requires considerable cognitive effort in social interactions. Children with autism may monitor their behaviours, speech, and reactions to ensure they align with societal norms. This cognitive load can be overwhelming and exhausting, leading to heightened stress, anxiety, and challenges in emotional regulation. This can often result in emotional dysregulation and meltdowns in safe spaces like home. The effort required to mask can be exhausting, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and mental fatigue.
It can also significantly impact a child’s self-image and sense of identity. Concealing their authentic selves to fit in with neurotypical peers can create feelings of disconnect or a sense of not belonging. For example, a child may suppress stimming behaviours due to feelings of embarrassment, which can have negative impacts on self-esteem and lead to feelings of inadequacy or impact their confidence in expressing their genuine thoughts, feelings, and interests.
How do I know if my child is masking?
Recognizing masking in autistic children can be tricky since it involves concealing inherent behaviours. However, there are subtle signs that parents and caregivers can look out for:
- Discrepancy between behaviour at home and in social settings: If your child exhibits significantly different behaviours at home versus in public, it may be because they are masking.
- Exhaustion after social interactions: If your child appears drained or irritable after social events, it could indicate the strain of masking.
- Limited self-expression: Pay attention to whether your child struggles to express their true thoughts, feelings, or interests out of fear of judgment or rejection.
Supporting a child who masks:
Supporting an autistic child who masks requires empathy and understanding. When supporting who masks, the following are important to keep in mind:
- Foster a safe and accepting environment where your child feels comfortable expressing their true selves without fear of judgment.
- Educate yourself and others about autism and the importance of embracing neurodiversity.
- Encourage open communication and provide opportunities for your child to express their needs and preferences.
- Teach coping strategies and self-regulation techniques to help manage stress and anxiety.
- Advocate for your child’s needs within educational and social settings, ensuring they receive appropriate accommodations and support services.
By acknowledging and addressing masking in autistic children, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment where all individuals can thrive authentically. If you have questions about masking or believe your child may benefit from support, please don’t hesitate to contact your occupational therapist.
